New Materials for Treating Trauma Injuries with Hemostatic Wound Healing
It has been reported that hemorrhage accounts for around half of battlefield deaths, with almost 86% of deaths in combat occurring within 30 minutes of wounding.To get more news about
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While it is comparatively easier to treat wounds that are external and immediately visible, internal hemorrhages or abdominal wounds represent a distinct challenge because they are difficult to locate without specific medical equipment.
If immediate responders are to successfully treat trauma wounds and damage to the liver, stomach, colon, spleen, venous, arterial, or other hard-to-reach systems and areas, a hemostatic treatment must be employed.Ideally, these treatments would be FDA-approved, able to stop bleeding within the first 1 to 2 minutes of wounding, and applicable in under 30 seconds; all without the need to apply manual pressure to the wound area.
While blood transfusions remain the most direct treatment for a severe loss of blood, these are not practical in the field due to unsterile conditions, environmental factors, and a lack of specialist equipment.
Wound dressings offer an alternate means of preventing blood loss and encouraging healing, but these too run the risk of infection or even sepsis unless an appropriately sterile environment can be ensured.
To help overcome the limitations in the field application of these methods, considerable research has been undertaken into the design and fabrication of hemostatic wound-healing materials – materials able to halt blood flow from a wound site by mimicking the body’s natural healing process.
Polymers – both natural and synthetic - have attracted attention as potentially viable options for hemostatic materials, offering a number of advantages over biologically-derived hemostatic materials including significantly reduced risk of disease transmission and improved biocompatibility.
The paper’s authors aimed to collate and review current work into the use of polymers in the development of hemostatic materials, highlighting the past two decades’ advancements and providing a number of examples of polymers’ successful application in this field.The authors begin by outlining the scope of good hemostatic material, highlighting that this should be high-strength, biodegradable, and have excellent tissue compatibility. It should also offer useful wound dressing properties.
With this in mind, they evaluated and investigated research into a number of natural polymers – including chitosan, collagen, gelatin, alginate, and oxidized cellulose – and a range of synthetic polymers – including polyesters, polycyanoacrylates, polyalkyleneoxides, polyethylene glycol, and polyurethane.
For each of these materials, they summarized recent research into their application in hemostatic materials, example studies, and the scope for further research.
Overall, the study found that the induction of sufficiently rapid hemostasis at a wound site remained a challenge for polymer-based hemostatic materials, particularly where there was a significant hemorrhage with high rates of bleeding. There were also found to be limited in terms of polymers’ adhesion strength, mechanical durability, elasticity, and other critical factors.
It was identified that there was significant work to be done in terms of developing hemostatic polymer materials that were efficient, mechanically strong, resilient, biocompatible, and able to achieve rapid hemostasis.
